Downtrodden Empires Japan and Russia - 547 Words

Japan and Russia both downtrodden empires under the shadow of Europe, industrialized to become global powers. After European’s show-off of force and political change, Russia used local resources and foreign loans while Japan used its own treasure and imported metals. Both industrialized in response to growing European dominance. Russia made its changes after the Crimean War. Not only did it lose but it lost to the inferior Ottomans who were backed up Europeans powers with rifles, cannons, and heavy equipment. Russia knew it couldn’t in any more without building its own industry. Japan underwent its miracles after seeing the occupations of china by foreign powers. Not one to concede, Japan kicked out all foreigners, save the Dutch and decided to build its own military and become the empire of the east. In order to do this, both had to change a reigning czar, Peter I, revolution finalized the change as the communist leaders Lenin and Stalin ousted the czars and nationalized national assets. In Japan, the Mejii restoration had to stop and warring factions and creates a single ru.er. From there, the only newly centralized government could dictate what had to be done to expand. Thus new centralization worked extremely well. A major difference is that Russia used foreign loans to build its infrastructure and assets including railroads and heavy manufacturing ordinarily this would be economic ruins as was the case for ottomans but Russia nationalized those or essentially stole themShow MoreRelatedMessage to Garcia Essay2752 Words   |  12 Pagesit was that had stirred up the cosmic dust. Its the stuff about Garcia, he said. The next day a telegram came from George H. Daniels, of the New York Central Railroad, thus: Give price on one hundred thousand Rowan article in pamphlet form--Empire State Express advertisement on back--also how soon can ship. I replied giving price, and stated we could supply the pamphlets in two years. Our facilities were small and a hundred thousand booklets looked like an awful undertaking. The result wasRead MoreEssay on Korea6392 Words   |  26 Pagesset up missions in Japan and won many thousands of converts to the Catholic faith. One of Hideyoshis generals was a Christian named Konishi. After capturing Seoul, he invited a Jesuit missionary and a Japanese priest to conduct services at his army camps. They spent a year in Korea before being recalled to Japan. The Japanese invasion was finally turned back. It is doubtful if the missionary work accomplished anything. However, hundreds of Korean war prisoners were sent to Japan and some of theseRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesunits to be used as reinforcements for British Empire and French units. * As an exception, he did allow African-American combat regiments to be used in French divisions. The Harlem Helifighters fought as part of the French 16th Division, earning a unit Croix de guerre for their actions at Chateau-Thierry, Belleau Wood and Sechelt. * AEF doctrine called for the use of frontal assaults, which had long since been discarded by British Empire and French commanders because of the large loss

The Middle East Is Clearly Out Of Hand Essay - 1628 Words

Jeffrey A. Beery Professor Carlin Mackie English 102 9 November 2016 Introduction: The Middle East is clearly out of hand. Why is this region prone to so much bloodshed? All we need to do is refer back to our history books. In preparation for the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the end of WW1 the Sykes and Picot agreement was signed, which called for British and French influence in the region and the creation of states. This agreement was to benefit French and British interests and had very little concern regarding the ethnic and religious makeup of the region. After analyzing the region it is evident that the current border situation is ineffective and causing much of the problems. The current foreign policies the Western world has towards the Middle East need to be seriously reconsidered. The Vision of T.E. Lawrence: The Sykes and Picot agreement was conceptualized as a great idea among western leaders at the time, however according to Yassamine Mather in his article titled The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and Current Conflict in the Middle East â€Å"even then the agreement had its critics: T.E. Lawrence, who knew a lot more than Sykes about national and religious differences in the Arab world, warned of conflicts within the region† (471). Time has proven that T.E. Lawrence made a rather accurate prediction. Lawrence was a rather popular man regarding this period, and is still very much so today. In fact, Lawrence’s book titled Seven Pillars of Wisdom has become a mustShow MoreRelatedMERS-CoV: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome726 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Middle East, became ill in Saudi Arabia (WHO). He visited the hospital once he started seeing symptoms of an flu-like illness (WHO). To figure out what this virus was, doctor and researchers collected nasal sputum from individuals wh o were sick with what seemed like a new strain of the flu (WHO). This is when they discovered that the infectious agent of the illness was actually a coronavirus, which they called a novel coronavirus (CDPH). However, they renamed the coronavirus Middle East RespiratoryRead MoreIsis Research Paper1120 Words   |  5 PagesHas America Failed in the Middle East? Over 2,000 people have been killed by attacks carried out by ISIS. ISIS or the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria are an islamic extremist group located throughout the middle eastern region but have influence world wide. Their attacks have affected countries including the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. Their attacks have been occurring for years but the reached a major tipping point after they killed over 150 people in one night in Pairs. TheRead MoreMiddle East and the Independence of Country States1285 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay I will discuss, with reference to the Middle East, the claim that â€Å"Independence removed one set of problems only to have them replaced with another.† In order to find out if that statement is true and if so, to what extent, I will examine several Middle Eastern states during the early period of their independence. I will study the problems that occurred after the Middle Eastern countries gained independence and evaluat e whether those problems in fact had anything to do with the independenceRead MoreInternational Security And International Law Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pagesinternal and foreign affairs and the behavior of the more autocratic governed state of Iran in the Middle East. The term transnational identity stands for identities or ideologies based on culture. In addition, the beliefs and values do not necessarily align with national borders. On the one hand, the identities depend on the interests and preferences in the international system; but on the other hand, some values of the individuals or groups as main actors, like religion or ethnicities, shape theRead MoreDemocracy in the Middle East Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last century, the Middle East has been the location of ethnic rivalry, political and economic instability, religious conflict, territorial dispute and war. Much of this tension in the Middle East comes from the various interpretations of Islam and how the religion should be applied to politics and society. Over the last ten years, the United States and their allies have pushed to promote democracy in the Middle East. However, they too have many obstacles they must overcome. They face problemsRead MoreWill Iran Destroy The World If Not Kept1268 Words   |  6 Pagesrace for who could get the newest and best technology being nuclear weapons. Eventually some of the top countries realized what this arms race could do and have started to decrease their stockpiles. But there is a new threat of an arms race in the Middle East which could prove catastrophic for the rest of the world if not kept under control by the U.S. and other G5 nations. Unfortunately, many Americans question why we are involved in these affairs if countries the problem nation or nations are so farRead MoreThe Sunni Shia Conflict Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesmodern times and has becoming a rallying point for Muslim people calling for change with their government and across the Middle Eastern region. The Sunni Shia conflict is major division within Islam that has and continues to shape Islam and the Middle East. History of the Conflict The Sunni Shia conflict can trace its roots back to 632 C.E. when Muhammad died without clearly naming a successor to his budding Islamic empire (Egger 2004). The one group of Muslims felt that following the traditionalRead MoreViolence, Religion, Or Past Experiences1158 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a woman or mother to go out and pursue her desired career path. Because it is expected that she should be a homemaker and raise the children as her job. These feelings can be fueled by what some societies think the correct expectations are for the role of a ‘Mother’. For a long time now there has been the misconception in many cultures that women should sacrifice having a career to stay at home to fulfill their duties as a wife and mother. All while the male is out working, making him the primaryRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Impact of the Portrayal of Religion1108 Words   |  4 Pagesentities, they have very big group support. This was clearly evident during September 1 1 or 911, when the media (Fox, NBC, etc.) out poured negative images of Muslims, Islams or anyone who appeared to be from the Middle East (Mohd, 2012, pg. 16). Even though it was not confirmed who actually committed these attacks, it was too late, the media already out poured the nations cry with negative images of Osama Bin Laden, Saddam Hussein and other Middle Eastern people. As a result of this type of newsRead MoreU.s. Troop Surge Policy959 Words   |  4 Pageshis original plan and completely ignored the counsel of his own hand-picked advising panel. â€Å"The justification was for such a move was that by the end of 2007, Iraq started to stabilize. For example, in 2008, Senator Lindsey Graham spoke out on the subject at Republican National Convention and said that, by every measure, the surge of troops into Iraq has worked†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bowman). In a 2007 speech to Congress on the surge in the Middle East, General David Petraeus agreed and proclaimed, The military objec tives

Anthropology-Culture and Globalization - 1572 Words

ANTH101 Cultural Identities in a Globalized World All throughout our readings, lectures, videos, and textbook we learn the effects of globalization on the different nations we studied. I often felt sad for these nations because we were encouraging them to practice our traditions and therefore their personal identities and culture were lost. Other than to improve healthcare and poverty through medical care and education I could not find positive improvements. In fact it appeared in most cases we were trying to force our beliefs and practices on these third world countries. Furthermore it appeared we weren’t doing this for the good of the group but to increase our own wealth, power, religious converts, prestige, and†¦show more content†¦Here they are in the United States being treated as second class citizens because of their Mexican descent. Separated from the â€Å"white† kids, treated with disdain, seated in the back of the buses and classrooms. It is very hbard on the children even though their parent s value and see education as the key. Oftentimes the parents are uneducated and this briding of Spanish and Engilsh fall in their young laps. Overcrowded housing, travelling, poor nuturition, and hard labor figure heavily in their experiences. Teased and ostracized they must transcend many difficulties here in the United States to try and better themselves. There life expectancies are onlyu 49 years and they are at high risk for diabetes, hypertension and alcoholism along with many other health issues as a result of their hard lives. They live in extremely hard living conditions, socially ostracized, medically disadvantaged, substandard living, sanitation problems, poor diets, and exposed to high rates of infection. Another interesting case study was the Kohistani tribe of Thull located north of Dir on the border of Pakistan. Although throughout their history they practiced violence through fighting between descent groups these fights were somewhat controlled and mediated. This was a group that traditionally kept to themselves without any contact of the neigboring towns such as Afghanistan and Dir. They practiced theirShow MoreRelatedThe World A Global Village1644 Words   |  7 Pages Society is not static. There exist numerous changes that take place on an everyday basis, which affect organizations, relationships, culture and other dynamics of human nature. In fact, different changes have different effects on people, but the fact remains that society is a changing structure. Historians and sociologists have attempted to account for the changes that have taken place and are still taking place at rapid rates (Duranti, 45). The lack of a fixed process in society has forced anthropologistsRea d MoreBook Report on Anthropology of Globalization by Lewellen1571 Words   |  7 PagesChapters 1-2 o Contemporary globalization is an on-going process of not just economic flows, but also cultural flows—the increasing flow of trade, finance, culture, ideas, and people brought about by the technology of communication and travel and by the worldwide spread of neoliberal capitalism†¦ (7). o Globalization is a reality, as well as regionalization and localization. Neoliberal capitalism has a global dominance; regionalism, localization, and globalization form a single, unified systemRead MoreThe Anthropological Approach and Its Unique Perspective Can Contribute to the Search for Solutions to Contemporary Human Problems†1060 Words   |  5 Pagesits unique perspective can contribute to the search for solutions to contemporary human problems† -With reference to Globalization- Anthropology refers to the study of humanity. Anthropologists do not discriminate against culture, gender or race but study all societies and are concerned with the totality of human existence. Ethnography is often seen as the hallmark of anthropology and it consists of fieldwork, which is used to acquire the information and insights needed to understand different societiesRead MoreStudy questions Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesAnthr 110 Gender, Age and Culture Instructor: Franà §ois Larose Study Questions Fall 2012 Instructions: In preparation for the exams, here is a list of study questions for each chapter. What you need to know from the text is covered in these questions. For all these chapters, you need to be familiar with the definitions (technical terms) highlighted in the text. Also, while there will be no direct questions on the grey boxes in these chapters, I strongly suggest you read them. 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Ikea Marketing Plan - 8221 Words

IKEA Marketing Plan – Part I Submitted to: John Daly Submitted by: Lindsay Churchman Matthew Holland Jamie Krebs Eveline Man Chris Manellis Chelsea Slade Due Date: February 17, 2011 MRK428MS Internal Environment IKEA current marketing goal and objective The IKEA vision is to create a better life for many people who purchase their products. Their main objectives are: - IKEA produces cheap and affordable products for the customers - The company wants better life for those who cannot afford expensive products - IKEA always helps to produce right product for the right consumer - IKEA always tries to sell their products at low prices - The company’s global developments and its continual commitment is to have a positive impact on people and†¦show more content†¦Sales in billion of euros 30 20 10 0 Sales in billion of euros Human: IKEA employs over 123,000 people worldwide; a decline of 5,000 personnel decline from 2008. In North America there are approximately 15,500 employees. IKEA is bouncing back from the recession and with that new job opportunities are posted everyday on their website. At present they are looking to hire 98 people for varying positions across North America. Human resource retention a strategy for the company to reduce costs and hiring within is encouraged. Experience: IKEA was established almost 70 years ago, and the original founder still participates in some activities. Experience is also derived for the Board of Directors. Relationship with Customers: IKEA truly takes care of their customers, and their customers are brand loyal. Some of the current strategies they have in place to satisfy customers are their services offered in store, like childcare, and also 90-day return policies, and customer service contact information. On the market research website SocialMention.com, IKE A has a 5:1 sentiment rating; this is the ratio of people on social medias that write about the brand in a positive way. Relationship with Suppliers: IKEA has developed a name for building very strong, long-term relationships with its suppliers. It currently works with over 1,400 supplies across the globe. IKEA tends toShow MoreRelatedIkea Marketing Plan3836 Words   |  16 PagesIkea Marketing plan Executive Summary IKEA is one of the world s top furniture retailers, and its International sells home furnishings and other housewares in about 270 stores in 35 countries. To cut transportation costs, IKEA uses flat packaging for most of its furniture; customers assemble the products at home. The company designs its own furniture, which is made by about 1,300 suppliers in more than 50 countries. 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Moreover; IKEA carries a range of 9,500 products, including home furniture and accessories. This wide range of option is available in all IKEA stores and customers can also orderRead MoreIke Strategic And Marketing Planning Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesIKEA Opens More Click-and-Collect Stores as Customers Move Online An article, written by Saabira Chaudhuri, presents Ikea’s most recent plans to expand their market. The information, released in this article, illustrates both strategic and marketing planning, evident in Ikea’s latest venture. As Michael Levens explains, in our text, â€Å"strategic planning identifies the overall direction of a business†, while â€Å"marketing planning includes those activities devoted to accomplishing marketing objectives†Read MoreSmart Design4671 Words   |  19 PagesSWOT Analysis Competitive Analysis Grid Product-Branding Strategy Marketing Plan 11 Products Distribution (Place) Price Promotion Strategy Sales Process and Sales Tactics Operations Plan 12 Design and Development Plan 13 Management and Personnel 14 Schedule 15 Risks and Overcome 17 Financial Plan 18 Appendix 19 Executive Summary This document will be discussing the different aspects of the business plan for a new startup company which is about creating a unique furnitureRead MoreMarketing Planning2944 Words   |  12 Pagesthe characteristics of the marketing plan. Firstly, it will identify the role and nature of marketing plan. Secondly, it will outlines the structure of the marketing plan. Moreover, the paper will determines the each elements in the marketing plan and the linkage between these elements. Additionally, the two misconceptions will be examined. Last, it will conclude the marketing plan is indispensable to the organizations. Role and Nature of Marketing Plan Marketing plan is a business document thatRead MoreZara Marketing Plan Draft3462 Words   |  14 PagesHigher Diploma in Sales and Marketing – YEAR 3 Marketing Planning ZARA Course code/Class: 21905F/3D Group members: Chan Oi Yee (3) Chan Wing Sum (4) Cheng Jacqualine Wing Chun (5) Chiu Ka Man (9) Fong Ka Man (13) Leung Hoi Yi (22) Lecturer: Ms Cherry Tsui CONTENT INTRODUCTION EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY SITUATION ANALYSIS (PEST) SITUATION ANALYSIS (SWOT) SITUATION ANALYSIS (5 FORCES) OBJECTIVES (SHORT TERM) OBJECTIVES (LONG TERM) OBJECTIVES (PULLBACKS) TARGET MARKET MARKETING STRATEGIES FINANCIAL PLANNINGRead MoreTransnational Strategy3449 Words   |  14 Pagesinvolves a situation where a company tries to achieve maximum local responsiveness in product offering and marketing strategy, which will match different national conditions. This strategy differs from transnational strategy in that the latter looks at the bigger global market trying to take advantage of all the available global factors (Hill Jones, 2008). Under the strategy, production, marketing and research and development activities are established in each national market where the company operatesRead MoreBusiness Plan9238 Words   |  37 PagesMadam, SUBMISSION OF BUSINESS PLAN PROPOSAL (ENT 300) Referring to the subject stated above, we submitted this proposal of our project paper for our ENT 300 subject.This business plan is focusing on doing education service. The name of the service itself explains the tuition service that we offer. 2. We had put our best commitment to complete this business plan according to the guidelines and requirements given according to our subject syllabus. This business plan is constructed to serve as a blueprintRead MoreMarketing Audit Approach - Ikea1571 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Audit Approach - IKEA Marketing Audit Overview â€Å"What is a marketing audit? Quite simply, it is a detailed analysis of the elements that constitute or influence a company’s efforts to profitably market its products- today and in future when both market and products may undergo radical change† ( John, Alexander, Theodore, 1969). The marketing audit helps to understand the fundamentals of a company’s marketing planning process. Auditing is not only conducted not only at the planning

Accounting Theory and Current Issues Financial Auditor

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory and Current Issues for Financial Auditor. Answer: Introduction The management of a firm decided to take up an audit that is to be done for the financial statements which designed to be presented. This auditing is to carry out by the auditor who is appointed and is intended to give a clear and accurate evaluation of the companys financial details by attaining the moral, ethical and professional obligations towards the stakeholders and investors (Deegan, 2012). Therefore to make the clear report for the financial statements, all the ambiguities must be taken into consideration which makes the details about all the revenues, assets and the expenses. Auditor must be that must honest for the particular task by addressing the stakeholder about all the interests and the total management of the firm (Abernathy et al, 2015). Discussion of the steps needed to consider before accepting to do an audit and applying them to BSF Ltd. It is mandatory for an auditor before taking up the task to check out for the guidelines whether it is ethical or professional. The accountant that is willing to take up the task must aware of the situation that the task can act as a threat which can affect its integrity. This concept basically gives idea about the overall knowledge of the auditor about the client, outline of work, activities of the business, all the nature and the complications related to the task before making the decision for choosing the task (Dyckman Zeff, 2014). Before the choosing of the task, the guidelines to be followed with utmost care before the acceptance of any new proposal, therefore if having any type of risks the task must be rejected. Once the Auditor is finalised by the client, the firm must definitely evaluate the task with that much sure shot objectivity. The absence of the objectivity cannot be compromised. Again if there are few partners for the particular task then there would have some potential threats which must be identified and treated by the team of audit (Libby, Tan Hunton, 2015). Due to any type of threats or any type of risks the proposal cannot be always cancelled, rather to take some steps to avoid those risks is better to carry on the audit work (Messier Jr, 2016). The auditor is intended to identify any of the conflicts attached to the task so that there must be have measures which are taken while the evaluation of task for safeguard which will be helpful for the avoidance of the risks (Crawford Lepine, 2013). The auditor before taking any task must check its capacity and skill specialization must have the evaluation of the work based the quality of the client, if the client is like of BSF. If the task has been accepted by the auditor without evaluating the capacity then there will have a severe threat to the self interest of the auditor. Whether the audit firm should accept the role of doing an audit of BSF Ltd., if the inherent risk of the BSF Ltd. is estimated as 90% and the control risk and detection risk are estimated at, respectively, 5% and 80% Auditing is the work which at every instance includes many types of risks whether it is inherent, detection or control risk. The risks of audit can be said to be as the time of decision of eth auditors regarding the task. The inherent type of risk of the audit comes in the place where there is any issue in the financial statement as a result of the misstatements by any means which basically happens in the application of different forms of controls. The case of inherent risk takes up the case of the BSF where the same issue has happened (Miller Power, 2013). The work that has been carried by BSF can be said to be qualitative and highly subjective which usually have the high risk of the inherent. In that place the BSF is also having the control risk which is said to be 5%. This type of risks is having its foundation due to the issues in the control mechanism which supposed to be subjected for the detection of the misstatements (Hall, Hunton Pierce, 2015). The BSF is such an organization where there are provisions for the checking of these misstatements by specific measures which accounts towards the BSFs internal control which must be effective as required. The organization of BSF is having the amount of issues or risks just because of not having a well defined management with high positions and size which sometimes take sup measure to handle the situation and sometimes applies the internal control of the organization (Hunton Weir, 2015). Another type of risk is the detection risk which is described by the inefficiency of the auditors in solving the issues and finding of the misstatements which are basically intended to create a risk to management of the firm (Gold, Hunton Gomaa, 2015). When the auditors usually fails in its work of detection of the misstatements in those financial statements then the whole total process of auditing will be found as detrimental with respect to the interest of the user but it is also said that this issue can be rectified by taking the samples for observation to reach the final statement. The model that is meant to give the overview of the audit risk process by the team of audit, then all the three risks, i.e.., detection, control and inherent, there will be multiplication of these three. Audit risk = Inherent risk x Control risk x Detection risk The determination of the inherent and the control risks are being done in a formal manner which is basically intended for the team discussion. It is also evident that if there is any type of over risk in the particular task, then the task will not be accepted. Therefore it is said that before choosing the task every type of pros and cons must be checked with respect to the capacity of the auditor (Schnader, Bedard Cannon, 2015). The amount of the detection risk is always lower to the inherent and control risk, even if sometimes the inherent goes higher with lower amount of control then also the detection will be lower amount only. But taking the case of BSF into consideration, then there is always a rise in the risk of both the inherent and detection. Therefore the calculation of the total audit risk is done: Audit Risk = Inherent Risk x Control Risk x Detection Risk = 0.9 x 0.05 x 0.8 = 0.036 or 3.6% The value that came from the calculation somehow can be said as moderate as per the terms of general audit norms which says if the value is less than 10% then said to be moderate. Therefore the amounts of risk involved in the audit of BSF Ltd.is lower which is definitely to be accepted (Bonin, 2013). List and discussion of what should be included in an audit program for the BSF Ltd. The process of audit is mostly carried out by the team of audit which gives the total idea of procedure that is required for the collection of the evidence of the audit. This process will start until and unless there will have a clear understanding of the matter of understanding of the process of accounting which is generally noticed in the case of BSF Limited (Hunton Weir, 2015). This process is basically carried out in a process of vivid understanding for the total scenario. The proposal for the audit programme must be total collection of below criteria: The monthly financial report, quarterly financial report, account listing chart, balance trail of the company in the year end, review work of the auditor, funding and report list, the opening balance checking, relevant ledgers checking, the bank deposit summary, bank statement of the account, details of the bank transactions, large transfers and their authorization, checking of the creditors for liabilities, checking the bank paym ent interests with the verification of the loan amount with long term and short term interests (Crawford Lepine, 2013). Discussion of any concerns the auditor should have for the full set of journal entries of the RD transactions from 2013 to 2016. Before the start of the auditing work, the auditor team must go through the journals to get an emphasis on the control of the work which will be helpful for the client firm department of accounting. Basically they keep an eye on the accuracy of the work that is to be done by the external auditors in unearthing the financial irregularities. There are many researches that are done on the BSF and many resultants are there to give a success in the auditing activity of the auditor which makes the use of the market tools by satisfying the needs of the customer (Parker, 2012). To have that accurate auditing system, there will have to be many research and development for making the plan to get the targets identified and fulfilled. The reports that are got from the researches of the BSF to check the commercial potency are to match with the marketing reports to get a successful report (Parker, 2012). The costing of the research to carry out on the BSF is mostly to be sent on the material collection and the capital equipment which takes the account for the capital and all the expenditure. Therefore there must have the total expenditure which is subjected to the team of audit and established in the market to larger extends (Abernathy et al, 2015). CSIRO has given a grant of a particular amount that is basically spent on a purpose of demarcation, out of which $400 million is spent, which the management must describe in detail about any of the deviation of the financial matter. In a triple-bottom line addendum (i.e. addition) to their GPFS, BSF Ltd. description of their research being socially responsible and environmentally friendly. Whether I am willing to sign-off on that statement as being true and fair Basically the word triple bottom line is intended towards the traditional reporting extension which takes into consideration about the social, environmental and economic all performances that takes place in a firm which has been approached by Freer Spreckley. This triple bottom line concept has been very well done by the BSF Ltd in preparing the whole report of the financial statement. These processes that are carried out are said to be environment friendly and very social but if it is take in the perspective of audit there will be exaggeration in it. Therefore the approach that is being given in some instances is restricted by many classes of people which led to the change in the work procedure of the firm (Miller Power, 2013). All the discussions show that at initial stage there is a restriction for the establishment for the approach but afterwards there is rectified, due to which the hesitation of the auditor to sign the documents also made a new way that says to mention all the details in the report or endorsement that are resultant of the research. This report or endorsement also can be subjected for the further discovery process. BSF Ltd. management asserted in a prospectus that the patent values were predicted on BSF Ltd. having exclusive control over the bacteria-based feeds technology. Whether I am willing to sign-off on that statement as being true and fair. The question raise here asks regarding the signing of statement, so the answer for it will be yes. As the auditor is very much willing to do the same after going through the all types of researches that are done on the market upon which the documents are being prepared. Basically the patents value is noticed depending upon its ability of it for the revenue generation, which the management also knows. If the market is not having any more competition then also the duplication of it will be time taking by any means due to which the firm will not be subjected to face any type of such difficulty basing on the market competition (Schnader, Bedard Cannon, 2015). Therefore the patents value in future is expected to be changed with the change in the condition of the market. If once the team gets the evaluation completed according to the conditions of the market then the auditor will no subject any apprehension to this issue. References Abernathy, J., Hackenbrack, K.E., Joe, J.R., Pevzner, M. and Wu, Y.J., 2015. Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Staff Consultation Paper, Auditing Accounting Estimates and Fair Value Measurements: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,9(1), pp.C1-C11. Anderson, U.L., Gaynor, L.M., Hackenbrack, K.E., Lisic, L.L. and Wu, Y.J., 2014. Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2013-009, Proposed Rule on Improving the Transparency of Audit: Proposed Amendments to PCAOB Auditing Standards to Provide Disclosure in the Auditor's Report of Certain Participants in the Audit: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,8(2), pp.C1-C7. Ball, R., 2013. Accounting informs investors and earnings management is rife: Two questionable beliefs.Accounting Horizons,27(4), pp.847-853. Beattie, V., 2014. Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.111-134. Bonin, H., 2013.Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Crawford, E.R. and Lepine, J.A., 2013. A configural theory of team processes: Accounting for the structure of taskwork and teamwork. Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.32-48. Deegan, C., 2012.Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dyckman, T.R. and Zeff, S.A., 2014. Some methodological deficiencies in empirical research articles in accounting.Accounting Horizons,28(3), pp.695-712. Gold, A., Hunton, J.E. and Gomaa, M.I., 2015. Retraction: The Impact of Client and Auditor Gender on Auditors' Judgments.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.743-743. Hall, T.W., Hunton, J.E. and Pierce, B.J., 2015. Retraction: Sampling Practices of Auditors in Public Accounting, Industry, and Government. Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.747-747. Hunton, J.E. and Weir, B., 2015. Retraction: Performance of Accountants in Private Industry: A Survival Analysis.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.751-751. Hunton, J.E., Benford, T., Arnold, V. and Sutton, S.G., 2015. Retraction: The Impact of Electronic Commerce Assurance on Financial Analysts' Earnings Forecasts and Stock Price Estimates.AUDITING: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(3), pp.203-203. Hunton, J.E., Libby, R. and Mazza, C., 2015. Retraction: Financial Reporting Transparency and Earnings Management.The Accounting Review,90(4), pp.1711-1711. Libby, R., Tan, H.T. and Hunton, J.E., 2015. Retraction: Does the Form of Management's Earnings Guidance Affect Analysts' Earnings Forecasts?.The Accounting Review,90(4), pp.1713-1713. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.557-605. Parker, R., 2012. Comparative international accounting.Financial Times, Prentice Hall. Schnader, A.L., Bedard, J.C. and Cannon, N.H., 2015. The principal-agent dilemma: Reframing the auditor's role using stakeholder theory.Accounting and the Public Interest.

Brisbane Outdoor Power Center

Question: Discuss about theBrisbane Outdoor Power Center. Answer: Introduction Well known for its garden equipment Brisbane Outdoor Power Center has grown over the years as a reliable supplier. Established at Mt Gravatt in 1985, the company has expanded to include two branches at Strathpine and Ipswich. Though the company was under the name of Donald Saxon, the branches operated as a separate entity and they were opened only as a going concern. This led to a single company diverge into three smaller companies each having their own set of end to end operations. Each of these branches was led by their own manager and was later taken over by Ms. Green. Ms. Green has now realized that though the branches maintained amicable relations their supply chain management especially their purchasing and inventory management could be aligned to be more efficient and productive. The below report is an analysis to understand the current processes in the company and suggest appropriate steps to improve the same. The Current Purchasing and Inventory Management and its Attributes The company has three branches, each operating as a separate operating entity. This means that each of the branch has its own procurement, inventory, customer management, sales, finance division and so on. The current processes for purchase and inventory management in specific are as below. All the three companies have their own purchasing department, meaning that each of the company has its own set of suppliers (Chen, 2012). There is a high chance that the company is purchasing the same equipment from the same vendor as different entities (Clegg, 2013). It often happens that vendors have payment terms that define that on purchase of huge quantity more discount is given. At Brisbane Outdoor Power Center this opportunity is being missed as the purchase is made by separate procurement teams. One branch may know a better vendor for a particular product than the other branch. This would result in a difference in the quality of the same product over different branches. There is no central repository or master data of the vendors. Separate Purchase orders, Goods receipt are maintained for each of the company and no common point of contact is present (Francis, 2014). Though each of the branch may several common products, each branch has its own set of work in progress and final goods. Inventory is spread over three different places and may contain the products that is required by another branch (Brandenburg, 2014) There is cumulative understanding of the total inventory worth. Transporting of products from one branch to another branch results in additional costs and may sometimes lead to loss of sales. The branch has its own dedicated space for inventory. Demand forecasting and inventory replenishment is done separately at separate branches (Zangiski, 2013). The Pros and Cons Every system has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Hence, it is crucial to analyze the same before deciding to revamp the current system. Pros There is huge list of suppliers available that can be shared amongst the branches. Each branch is aware of the supplier who can provide special equipment that is heavily demanded in that area, like the ride on mowers in Ipswich. Hence, locality wise supplier is always available to the branch Inventory is small since it is maintained individually for each of the branch and hence is easy to maintain (Weele, 2014). The procurement and inventory management can be done through simple book keeping given the small size of inventory and the limited procurement done by each branch The chances of maintaining excess inventory are low due to the size of the inventory, as the stock would be maintained for a small customer segment that is usually local to the branch (Rushton, 2014). A strong bond between the local vendors and the companys branches exist. In case of an unexpected demand the branches know which local vendor would be able to provide necessary equipment. Demand planning can be effectively done as analyzing smaller sales samples is easier (SolyalÄÂ ±, 2015). Also, each branch would be aware of when they would see a seasonal high and hence would be able to stock up accordingly. The branch stocks only those products that are in heavy demand in their locality and hence unnecessary products are not stocked. Thereby localizing their manufacturing and procurement. Cons There is no single repository of suppliers. This would mean that the same company is buying from the same supplier as different entity resulting in additional costs due to transport and losing quantity based discounts (Bromiley, 2016). The payment terms negotiated with the vendors are based on the small inventory and supply maintained by each individual branch. When purchased in bulk much better terms can be negotiated. The chances of too much of the same product may be maintained at each inventory resulting in overall excess stock. This would happen especially in case of smaller spare parts (Bowersox2013). For example say a specific nut is used in all the products. Each inventory would maintain excess of these nuts to make sure that they are always available. At a company level, this would mean that the nuts are quantity of nuts stocked up is higher than actually required. One branch may periodically order a product from a vendor which is available at another branch as buffer stock, thereby making unnecessary purchases (Chicksand, 2012). The overall purchasing inventory management costs are high since they are maintained as three different entities. Same parts may be sold at different prices by different vendor. This would mean that one branch may be aware of a vendor who sells a particular part at the cheapest price but the same is not being communicated across branches increasing the cost of production (Dekker, 2013). The amount of working capital invested in the inventories when totaled at a company level is significantly high when operating separately which can be brought down by simply integrating the process. Managing the finances of each of the branches and then compiling them as one especially on the supply side is a tedious task (Sterman, 2015). Supply Chain Management Processes Supply chain management when implemented at a company level in the most efficient manner would make the entity highly productive. This system integrates all the functions that are a part of operations starting from purchase requisition to customer invoicing making the flow of the operations seamless (Seuring, 2013). A competitive supply chain management would reduce the production cost significantly thereby reducing the cost of each good, indirectly increasing the profitability of a company. It is always advantageous to invest in a procurement and manufacturing system than investing in a marketing strategy as the former would curb costs at the very beginning of the production cycle (Christopher, 2016). Supply chain also helps the organization to have a clear understanding of the demand there by increasing the chances of an effective demand forecast. This would in turn influence the all the operations in the supply chain flow. Also, the concept ensures that a clear understanding of the location, status and production time of the material. Some of the key SCM concepts that can be applied are inventory and purchasing management. Just in time purchasing and just in time manufacturing is an effective SCM concept that can substantially reduce overstock and understock inventory issues. Through this concept the procurement is done based on the overall demand with crisp deadlines meaning that the inventory is stocked with the right quantity of raw material, work in progress materials and finished goods. Inventories can be designed to be transit inventories or buffer inventories and with efficient demand planning the same can act as shock absorbers (Coyle, 2016). This would also make the inventory costs significantly less as stocking happens with respect to a JIT system and an excess of only shock inventory is maintained. This system also handles the bull whip effect which usually occurs due to the inefficiency in identifying customer demand which usually has a higher impact on the procurement and manufacturing activities than the sales activities. For all this to be possible it is crucial to have a central repository for procurement and inventory management. Recommendations With the advent of technology, the process of integration has become much easier. Central data can be easily maintained by creating master data that can be stored and accessed quickly. The best solution for a company of the size of Brisbane Outdoor Power center would be pick up the ERP software solutions. Enterprise Resource Planning is a boon to manufacturing companies specifically as it has to the ability to scale depending on the functions and business of the company. Plan of Action The below are the recommendations and plan of action for the company to implement. Contact a ERP solution company (Example SAP, oracle etc.) and implement purchasing and inventory modules Communicate to all the branches and collect data related to all the vendors including their address, payment terms, discounts offered, products sold, quality of the product, maximum selling capacity and so on. Feed this data into the ERP. Segregate the vendors based on material sold and locality. Create a purchasing department that is centralized and procures for all the branches Whenever there is a requirement each branch would request this department to procure items and would not procure themselves. The procuring department will then select the vendors and send all of them a quote based on the purchase requisition. This would help understand the suitable vendor. All goods are stored at a central repository and each branch is supplied with those goods that are specifically sold locally. Whenever there is a demand, the procurement team check in the system for the availability of the goods in the inventory and in the absence of the same, procurement is done. ERP has the ability to identify potential vendors based on the buying and pricing patterns and hence the system can select the appropriate vendor. With the help of the ERP system, the inventory department can keep an easy track of material movement. The transport cost is substantially reduced as procurement happens at a central level. All the employees have to be trained in the ERP technology to ensure all its features are used to the advantage of the company. Several manufacturing companies have already implemented ERP systems as they are simple to use and have a seamless integration with all the operations a company performs. This would also mean that the company can opt for several other modules such as CRM, Finance and customer service based on the demand and make use of the efficient integration and reporting facilities provided by ERP. Conclusion It is crucial to understand the various operations of the organization to run it efficiently. Having central systems for various operations of the organization would ensure an integrity and a clear flow of the workflow in the company. This would also reduce the cost of production there by bring the cost of the good further influencing the profitability. Supply chain concepts when implemented with an efficient ERP system can be highly beneficial not only for purchasing and inventory management but for all the operations of a company. References Bowersox, D. J., Carter, P. L., Monczka, R. M. (2013). Materials logistics management. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., Seuring, S. (2014). 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Nelson Education. Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K., van Wassenhove, L. N. (Eds.). (2013). Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains. Springer Science Business Media. Francis, M., Fisher, R., Thomas, A., Rowlands, H. (2014). The meaning of valuein purchasing, logistics and operations management. International Journal of Production Research, 52(22), 6576-6589. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014). The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Seuring, S. (2013). A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management. Decision support systems, 54(4), 1513-1520. SolyalÄÂ ±, O., Cordeau, J. F., Laporte, G. (2015). The Impact of Modeling on Robust Inventory Management Under Demand Uncertainty. Management Science, 62(4), 1188-1201. Sterman, J., Oliva, R., Linderman, K., Bendoly, E. (2015). System dynamics perspectives and modeling opportunities for research in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 39, 1-5. Weele, A. J., Raaij, E. M. (2014). The future of purchasing and supply management research: About relevance and rigor. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(1), 56-72. Zangiski, M. A. D. S. G., de Lima, E. P., da Costa, S. E. G. (2013). Organizational competence building and development: Contributions to operations management. International Journal of Production Economics, 144(1), 76-89.